Archaeologists in Xultun, Guatemala, have identified Sak Tahn Waax, a Classic Maya mathematician-astronomer, through hieroglyphs found in a workshop. This discovery provides a rare link between individual intellectual labor and the broader traditions of ancient Maya astronomy.

Archaeological evidence from the Üçağızlı II Cave indicates that Neanderthals and modern humans shared similar stone-tool techniques and symbolic shell collection. These findings suggest both groups may have maintained contact or shared cultural traditions over thousands of years.

Researchers have successfully recovered ancient human DNA directly from cave walls in Spain and Portugal. This development allows scientists to study prehistoric human presence without relying on skeletal remains.