The outgoing head of UNRWA, Philippe Lazzarini, is calling for an independent investigation into the deaths of nearly 400 of the agency’s staff during the ongoing conflict in Gaza, a somber note as he concludes his six-year tenure. The request comes as Lazzarini describes a systematic targeting of the organization and its personnel, raising serious questions about accountability and the safety of humanitarian workers in conflict zones.
A Call for Accountability
Speaking to the press in Geneva on Tuesday, Lazzarini stated his belief that “we require a panel of high-level experts to investigate the killing of our colleagues.” According to the UNRWA chief, over 390 staff members have been killed since the start of the war in Gaza in October 2023. He further noted that numerous others have suffered debilitating injuries or been subjected to arbitrary detention and torture.
Beyond Fatalities: A Pattern of Attacks
Lazzarini’s call for investigation extends beyond the deaths of UNRWA staff. He likewise seeks inquiries into the deaths of other UN personnel and the “massive and unprecedented destruction” of UN facilities in Gaza. He indicated he has raised the issue with both the office of UN Secretary-General António Guterres and member states at the UN in New York.
Facing an Existential Threat
The Swiss diplomat warned that the attacks against UNRWA, coupled with significant budget cuts stemming from reduced voluntary contributions, risk pushing the agency “to its collapse.” He emphasized the urgency of launching an investigation, stating, “the longer it takes, the more tricky the task of the commission will be,” as the situation remains highly polarized.
A History of Criticism
UNRWA has long been a target of Israeli criticism, which intensified following the Hamas-led attacks on Israel on October 7, 2023. Israel has accused the agency of bias and alleged infiltration by Hamas operatives, leading to a ban on UNRWA activities within Israel in early 2025. An international investigation did identify “issues related to neutrality” within UNRWA, but found Israel had not provided conclusive evidence to support its primary accusation of employing members of terrorist organizations.
UNRWA’s Vital Role
Established by the UN General Assembly in 1949, UNRWA provides assistance to approximately 5.9 million Palestinian refugees, operating health centers and schools in the occupied Palestinian Territories, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan.
Lazzarini’s final days as Commissioner General are marked by a plea for justice and a warning about the future of an organization vital to the well-being of millions. The timing of his call for an investigation, as he prepares to step down at the end of the month, underscores the gravity of the situation and the urgent need for accountability.
